RESEARCH OF NATURAL FREQUENCIES OF THE CUTTER-OSCILLATOR DURING TURNING

Purpose. To investigate the main methods for determining the natural frequency of the cutter-oscillator X and to analyze the influence of its geometric and inertial parameters on the dynamic characteristics during the study of the physical foundations of cutting process dynamics in turning conditions. Research methods. The experimental study was carried out using the impact hammer test, in which the additional mass and the tool overhang were varied. During each test, oscillation oscillograms were recorded, allowing for the determination of the corresponding natural frequencies. The analytical approach involved deriving formulas for estimating the natural frequency based on the geometric and mass-inertial characteristics of the structure. The SolidWorks software system with the Simulation module was used for the numerical simulation of the spatial oscillations of the cutter-oscillator X, which provides frequency analysis and model creation considering real geometric parameters. Results. Comparison of the analytical, experimental, and numerical methods for determining the natural frequency of the cutter-oscillator X showed high consistency of the results, confirming their reliability and practical applicability. The influence of geometric and inertial parameters on the dynamic characteristics of the cutter-oscillator X was determined. In particular, when increasing the overhang from 60 mm to 140 mm, the natural frequency decreased by 3.6…4.1 times, and when increasing the mass of the concentrated load from 0.2 kg to 0.52 kg – by 1.4...1.6 times. Frequency analysis in SolidWorks Simulation demonstrated sufficient accuracy (error of 2…3%), high efficiency, and cost-effectiveness, especially when designing complex structures. Numerical simulation proved to be a convenient tool for optimizing structures and reducing costs at the development stage. Scientific novelty. For the first time, a comprehensive comparison of analytical, experimental, and numerical methods for determining the natural frequency of the cutter-oscillator X was carried out. The influence of geometric and inertial parameters on its dynamic characteristics was analyzed. The effectiveness of using frequency analysis in CAD systems for studying the dynamics of the turning process was demonstrated, which is relevant for optimizing complex structures. Practical value. The computer simulation method demonstrated high accuracy and repeatability of results in determining the natural frequency of the cutter-oscillator X, confirming its suitability for vibration analysis of lathe cutting tools. Using frequency analysis in SolidWorks Simulation simplifies design, reduces costs, and is especially effective for complex structures.