A Comparative Study of the Drivers of the Division of Labor in Old Age in Urban and Rural Multi-Child Households—Multi-Case Comparative Study Based on Community C in City N

我国正步入城镇化与人口老龄化的双重加速期，家庭养老模式仍然是当前养老方式选择的首要考量。养老分工是家庭养老模式中的热点问题。本文采用多案例比较研究法，探讨分析了城乡多子女家庭养老分工的现状及其驱动因素差异。研究基于角色理论构建了理性最优和惯习民俗、情感互动和责任规范的分析框架，并选取N市C社区城乡多子女家庭案例对理论预设进行了验证。研究发现，城市多子女家庭的养老分工更倾向于注重亲子情感互动和个人需求，而农村家庭则更多地受到传统孝道观念和家庭责任认知的驱动。基于此，本文提出应从政策支持、文化引导与家庭互动三方面协同推进家庭养老模式的持续发展，焕发出新的活力。China is entering the dual acceleration period of urbanization and population aging, and the family model of old-age care is still the primary consideration in the current choice of old-age care. The issue of division of labor in old-age care is a hot issue in the family old-age care model. This paper adopts a multi-case comparative research method to explore and analyze the current situation of the division of labor in old-age care for urban and rural multi-children families, as well as the differences in their driving factors. The study constructed an analytical framework of rational optimization and customary practices, emotional interaction, and norms of responsibility based on role theory, and selected the case of urban-rural multi-child families in Community C of N City to verify the theoretical presuppositions. It is found that the division of labor in old-age care in urban multi-child families tends to focus on parent-child emotional interactions and individual needs, while rural families are more driven by traditional filial piety concepts and perceptions of family responsibilities. Based on this, this paper proposes that the sustainable development of family elderly care models should be collaboratively promoted through policy support, cultural guidance, and family interactions to inject new vitality into this care model.