Berberine alleviates respiratory syncytial virus (RSV)-induced pediatric bronchiolitis and fibrosis via suppressing the HMGB1/TLR4/NF-κB pathway

Pediatric bronchiolitis caused by RSV remains a major global health challenge with limited treatment options. This study highlights berberine as a promising therapeutic agent capable of reducing RSV replication and associated lung injury. By targeting the HMGB1/TLR4/NF-κB pathway, berberine effectively attenuates inflammation, pyroptosis, EMT, and fibrosis. These findings provide a novel mechanistic insight and offer potential for the development of targeted therapies against RSV-induced bronchiolitis.