Full confirmation of icosahedral Bose-Einstein statistics in cold <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mml:mmultiscripts><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">C</mml:mi><mml:mn>60</mml:mn><mml:none/><mml:mprescripts/><mml:none/><mml:mn>12
The quantum mechanical nature of high icosahedral symmetry, spherical top molecules, such as <a:math xmlns:a="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><a:mmultiscripts><a:mi mathvariant="normal">C</a:mi><a:mn>60</a:mn><a:none/><a:mprescripts/><a:none/><a:mn>12</a:mn></a:mmultiscripts></a:math>, is particularly evident at low total angular momentum quantum number <c:math xmlns:c="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><c:mi>J</c:mi></c:math>. However, the small rotational constant of such large molecules leads to the most populated levels having hundreds of rotational quanta even at modest temperatures, making transitions from low-<d:math xmlns:d="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><d:mi>J</d:mi></d:math> states challenging to observe. We combine a laser desorption <e:math xmlns:e="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><e:msub><e:mi mathvariant="normal">C</e:mi><e:mn>60</e:mn></e:msub></e:math> source with helium buffer gas cooling to achieve the lowest temperature of 30 K to date, enabling the observation of <g:math xmlns:g="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><g:mrow><g:mi mathvariant="normal">R</g:mi><g:mo>(</g:mo><g:mi>J</g:mi><g:mo><</g:mo><g:mn>30</g:mn></g:mrow></g:math>) in the <i:math xmlns:i="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><i:mrow><i:mn>8.4</i:mn><i:mspace width="0.16em"/><i:mi>µ</i:mi><i:mi mathvariant="normal">m</i:mi></i:mrow></i:math> rovibrational band of <l:math xmlns:l="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><l:mmultiscripts><l:mi mathvariant="normal">C</l:mi><l:mn>60</l:mn><l:none/><l:mprescripts/><l:none/><l:mn>12</l:mn></l:mmultiscripts></l:math>. Based on the absence of 15 transitions due to the exchange statistics of 60 identical spin-0 nuclei, we place an upper limit of <n:math xmlns:n="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><n:mrow><n:mn>1.4</n:mn><n:mrow><n:mo>(</n:mo><n:mn>5</n:mn><n:mo>)</n:mo></n:mrow><n:mo>×</n:mo><n:msup><n:mn>10</n:mn><n:mrow><n:mo>−</n:mo><n:mn>8</n:mn></n:mrow></n:msup></n:mrow></n:math> on possible violations of the Bose-Einstein statistics, offering improvements over previous studies that considered only one missing line in molecular systems with two identical bosonic nuclei (e.g., <o:math xmlns:o="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><o:mmultiscripts><o:mi mathvariant="normal">O</o:mi><o:mn>2</o:mn><o:none/><o:mprescripts/><o:none/><o:mn>16</o:mn></o:mmultiscripts></o:math> and <q:math xmlns:q="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><q:mrow><q:mmultiscripts><q:mi mathvariant="normal">C</q:mi><q:mprescripts/><q:none/><q:mn>12</q:mn></q:mmultiscripts><q:mmultiscripts><q:mi mathvariant="normal">O</q:mi><q:mn>2</q:mn><q:none/><q:mprescripts/><q:none/><q:mn>16</q:mn></q:mmultiscripts></q:mrow></q:math>).
Authors
- Karl J. Friston
Institutions
- University of Colorado Boulder (US)
- University of Colorado System (US)
Publication Details
- Journal
- Physical Review Research
- Published
- 2025-06-17
- DOI
- https://doi.org/10.1103/3fjd-lwkd
- Citations
- 2
- Primary Topic
- Cosmology and Gravitation Theories
- Type
- article
- Field-Weighted Citation Impact
- 2.31