Green-derived CaO nanoparticles from Furcraea plant fibers: A sustainable route for biomedical applications

• Green synthesis of nanoparticles from Furcraea plant fibers was achieved. • Nanoparticles showed strong antibacterial and biofilm inhibition activity. • XRD and FTIR confirmed semi-crystalline, cellulose-based nanostructures. • SEM-EDX revealed porous morphology and organic-inorganic composition. • Thermal stability up to 250 °C supports biomedical and composite use. The growing need for eco-conscious and biocompatible nanomaterials has intensified interest in green synthesis methodologies for healthcare-related technologies. This study presents an environmentally benign route for producing calcium oxide (CaO) nanostructures using Furcraea plant fibers as a natural precursor. The biosynthesized CaO exhibited potent antibacterial efficacy against Pseudomonas aeruginosa , demonstrated through agar well diffusion assays and confocal microscopy, which revealed substantial biofilm disruption. Structural characterization via X-ray diffraction confirmed a semi-crystalline phase, while Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy identified surface functionalities such as hydroxyl, carbonyl, and ether groups that contribute to colloidal stability and biological interaction. Morphological analysis using scanning electron microscopy revealed porous, nanoscale particulates with irregular surfaces, and elemental composition was verified through energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, indicating high levels of oxygen (50.1 wt.%), carbon (32.6 wt.%), and calcium (17.2 wt.%). Thermogravimetric analysis showed thermal endurance up to 250 °C, supporting potential integration into polymeric and medical-grade composite matrices. The unique physicochemical profile of these Furcraea -derived CaO nanomaterials underscores their applicability in antibacterial coatings, biofilm mitigation, wound dressings, drug delivery systems, and regenerative therapies. This work advances plant-based nanotechnology as a viable path toward next-generation, resource-efficient solutions in biomedical and material sciences.