Effects of suspended particles on the toxicity of AgNO3 and silver nanoparticles to Daphnia magna: Importance of adsorption of dissolved Ag and dietary pathway

• Suspended particles reduced dissolved Ag by adsorbing Ag to particle surface and incorporating into algal cells. • The mortality of D . magna decreased with suspended particle concentrations, reflecting reduction in dissolved Ag. • Ingestion of the particle-associated silver provided additional vector for toxicity even when dissolved Ag was low.