Azadirachta indica leaf extract: Phytochemical composition and antioxidant, antibacterial, and antifungal activities

The chemical components and natural traits of Azadirachta indica A. Juss. leaf extract from arid environments has been studied. LC-MS analysis identified quercetin, oleanolic acid, salicin, and catechin among the many bioactive compounds in the sample. It was observed that at a concentration of 25.01 ± 0.71 µg/mL, DPPH exhibited antioxidant activity with an IC50 value that is higher than that of β-carotene bleaching (22.29 ± 0.66 µg/mL), ABTS assay (45.09 ± 1.23 µg/mL), respectively. Bacillussubtilis, Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa showed susceptibility to the extract, with MICs ranging from VHC to 30 mg/mL while Alternaria sp., Fusarium solani, and Thielaviopsis paradox represent the fungal strains tested for their sensitivity to this extract. Therefore, Azadirachta indica leaf extract from dry regions exhibits significant effects, potentially explaining its traditional use in medicine and agriculture.