Thermal Transport and Slip Effects in a Stratified Nanofluid Squeeze Film Flow Through a Porous Medium

Abstract Nanofluid technology is transforming thermal management, and boosting efficiency in energy storage, medical treatments, and tribological applications. Titanium oxide (TiO2) nanoparticles increase heat transmission, lubrication, and friction reduction in aerospace, automotive, and manufacturing systems. This work examines the dynamics of squeezing flow in a TiO2–water/ethylene glycol nanofluid that is confined between two parallel plates. Furthermore, the analysis also takes into account the effects of slip velocity, and the Darcy porous media. The main objective of this work is to conduct a comparative examination of nanofluid flow, considering the combined effects of quadratic thermal stratification and heat dissipation. The governing equations are reduced to solvable ordinary differential equations using similarity variables and solved using a numerical differential solver. The impacts of numerous flow parameters on velocity, temperature, skin friction, and heat transfer rate are shown through graphs and tabular data. The main conclusions show that a higher nanoparticle volume percentage decreases the velocity field, whereas an increase in the squeezing parameter increases it. Furthermore, the temperature is raised by the Eckert and nanoparticle volume fraction parameters while it is lowered by the Prandtl and thermal stratification factors. The outcomes of this study could greatly improve industrial processes by controlling fluid flow and maximizing heat transfer.