Optimization of Anthralin Microemulgel Targeted Delivery for Psoriasis and Acne

<b>Background:</b> Anthralin is known for its efficacy in treating psoriasis and acne, possessing poor solubility. Addressing these limitations, the present study endeavors to develop a microemulgel formulation of anthralin aimed at enhancing solubility. <b>Method:</b> The solubility study was performed in various solvents. An o/w (oil-in-water) emulsion was formed using the water titration method, which was optimized by statistical experimental design half-run CCD. The final optimized batch was evaluated for physicochemical and in vitro properties <b>Result:</b> The final optimized batch showed a particle size (PS) of 417 nm, -25.2 mV zeta potential (ZP) and pH 5.8, which remained stable upon centrifugation, heating-cooling and freeze-thawing cycle. Furthermore, microemulsion with Carbopol 943 5% <i>w</i>/<i>v</i> was selected as the gel base for the formation of microemulgel characterized by PS, ZP, pH, and viscosity of 230 nm, -50.6 mV, 6.9 and 14,200 cps, respectively, that ensured it a high enough stability. In silico molecular docking between ligand and protein provides the binding energies validating the interaction. Hence, the in silico study was performed for psoriasis and <i>P. acne</i> proteins. An in vitro antibacterial activity study on Propionibacterium revealed a significant efficiency of the formulation and MTT assay using L929 cell line in the presence of the drug-loaded microemulgel indicated an inhibition of growth proving that formulation has anti-psoriatic activity. <b>Conclusions:</b> Combination therapy with Clindamycin might improve efficacy while reducing antibiotic resistance risks.