Current Trends in the Development of Russia's Foreign Trade in the Context of Transformation Processes

The article is devoted to the study of changes in the structure of Russia's foreign trade in the context of transformation processes. The article analyzes the dynamics of Russia's exports and imports in 2012–2024, as well as changes in the geographical structure of foreign trade, the structure of currency settlements in the context of sanctions restrictions. The results show that despite the initial decline in foreign trade, the Russian economy has shown a high degree of adaptability. In recent years there has been a reorientation of exports to Asian and African countries, an increase in the share of ruble settlements and an acceleration of import substitution processes. The article pays special attention to the role of China as Russia's main trading partner at the current stage of development. The results of the study show that despite the fact that sanctions create short-term imbalances, in the long run they stimulate structural changes that contribute to the strengthening of Russia's economic sovereignty. The transformation processes taking place in the world require further diversification of Russia's foreign economic relations for the development of high-tech industries and to reduce dependence on foreign supplies.