Implementation of a human papillomavirus vaccine programme at secondary schools in Dar es Salaam City Council, Tanzania

Background/Aims Cervical cancer is the most common cancer among women in Tanzania, with the human papillomavirus vaccine being the primary prevention method. Although the vaccine is available for free in Tanzania, uptake remains low. The aim of this study was to assess the implementation of a human papillomavirus vaccine programme at secondary schools in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania. Methods This descriptive qualitative study involved 16 purposively selected participants, including five health schoolteachers, nine healthcare professionals and two council representatives. In-depth interviews were used to collect data, which were recorded, transcribed and translated into English. Thematic analysis was used to explore the role of teachers, healthcare professional and council management in implementation of the vaccine programme. Results Teachers, healthcare professionals and council management each had distinct roles and responsibilities in relation to implementing the vaccine programme. However, some teachers and healthcare professionals lacked sufficient knowledge and training on the vaccine, and some private schools did not cooperate with the programme, which were barriers to widespread uptake of vaccinations. Conclusions Teachers, healthcare professionals and council management play important roles in the human papillomavirus programme. However, a lack of awareness, insufficient training and reluctance among those at private schools are ongoing issues that require resolution. Implications for practice Implementation of vaccine programmes in schools should be scaled up. Challenges such as staff shortages, time constraints and limited space can hinder service delivery. Therefore, it is crucial to improve planning and allocate resources effectively. To ensure that girls return for their second dose, it is important to have clear referral and tracking systems established between schools and health facilities. Regular training and support for healthcare professionals, teachers and school staff are vital.