Features of the formation and utilization of river water resources in the Amudarya basin under conditions of water scarcity

The article is based on the results of research work carried out by the authors of the article under the grant "Agromeliorative state of the territories of the Amudarya River basin in the context of climate change in Central Asia".Based on the analysis, an assessment is given of the formation of river runoff in the Amudarya River basin in the territory of Uzbekistan with the volumes of the formed river runoff equal to 50% (average long-term) and 90% (low-water year) of provision.The parameters of the formed annual river runoff and for the vegetation period of agricultural crops are given.The climate changes observed in Uzbekistan, associated primarily with an increase in air temperature, have led to a decrease in the volume of snow reserves in mountain basins and, ultimately, to a decrease in runoff and an increase in the frequency of low water periods and droughts.The most vulnerable to climate change are the small rivers of the Amudarya basin, especially the Zarafshan-Surkhandarya, Sherabaddarya and Kashkadarya rivers, which have seen a significant reduction in runoff and an increase in the frequency of low water levels and droughts, especially in the last decade.