Artificial intelligence-based diagnosis of hallux valgus interphalangeus using anteroposterior foot radiographs

The proposed AI-assisted IPA measurement method shows strong clinical potential, effectively corresponding with manual measurements. Integrating IPA with HVA and IMA assessments provides a comprehensive tool for automated forefoot deformity analysis, supporting hallux valgus severity classification and preoperative planning, while offering substantial time savings in high-volume clinical settings.