Electroencefalografía en reposo y el desarrollo de las funciones ejecutivas durante la adolescencia

Adolescence is a developmental stage characterized by significant brain changes and the progressive maturation of executive functions. It is also a period of increased vulnerability to mental health problems, particularly when adolescents lack executive skills to cope with environmental demands. In this context, we propose a clinically applicable tool grounded in accumulated knowledge on resting-state electroencephalography (EEG-RS) and its relationship with executive functions. EEG-RS provides three reliable measures of functional connectivity representing changes in organization of the adolescent brain and its association with behavioral difficulties: (1) frontal alpha asymmetry; (2) the slow-to-fast wave ratio; and 3) phase-amplitude coupling. These indices reflect changes in the functional organization of the adolescent brain and its correlation with psychological processes. In conclusion, EEG-RS is a diagnostic complement and a measure of clinical intervention effectiveness. Additionally, it is proposed as a tool to detect patterns of brain activity that may precede the onset of psychopathological processes.