Radiopharmaceutical Advancements in Anesthesia and Orthopedic Oncology: A Paradigm Shift in Cancer Biotherapy and Targeted Therapy

<b><i>Introduction:</i></b> Integrating radiopharmaceuticals in anesthesia and orthopedic oncology has revolutionized cancer biotherapy and targeted therapy. This multidisciplinary approach leverages molecular imaging, radioisotopes, and precision medicine to enhance perioperative pain management and improve therapeutic efficacy. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> Radiopharmaceutical-based anesthetic techniques (R-ATs) have emerged to facilitate intraoperative monitoring and postsurgical pain control, ensuring better patient outcomes in orthopedic oncology procedures. This article explores combining radiopharmaceuticals with orthopedic cancer management, emphasizing novel theranostic agents, α- and β^--emitting radionuclides, in treating metastatic bone disease. Innovations in peptide receptor radionuclide therapy (PRRT) and radiolabeled bisphosphonates have provided a significant leap forward in mitigating skeletal-related events and improving survival rates. <b><i>Results:</i></b> This article discusses radiopharmaceutical-guided anesthesia's role in enhancing intraoperative imaging precision and personalizing analgesic regimens for patients with cancer undergoing orthopedic interventions. The article aligns with recent developments in molecular medicine by addressing the translational impact of radiopharmaceuticals on cancer treatment paradigms. In targeted therapy, R-AT attained an effectiveness of up to 96.25%, while PRRT reached 97.45%. <b><i>Conclusions:</i></b> It highlights integrating artificial intelligence and molecular imaging in real-time surgical decision-making, redefining personalized oncology care. The synergistic use of radiopharmaceuticals in anesthesia and orthopedic oncology holds immense promise in precision-driven therapeutic strategies for cancer biotherapy.