Techno-Economic Analysis of Instrument Transformers for DC Applications

This research addresses the gap between the growing adoption of DC power sources and the limited advancements in instrumentation for measuring DC signals. A comprehensive classification framework for DC instrument transformers has been developed, categorizing them based on voltage level, electrical parameter, and underlying technology. Performance analysis was conducted on eight types of DC instrument transformers, focusing on their operational principles and circuit representations. In alignment with the IEC 61869–14 and IEC 61869–15 standards, which outline additional requirements for DC current and voltage transformers, 14 key performance indicators (KPIs) were identified/proposed. Additionally, the study explored market dynamics for instrument transformers, examining regional trends and forecasts across Asia-Pacific, North America, Europe, and the Middle East and Africa. The voltage-level market analysis indicates that the low-to-medium voltage segment is poised for significant growth in the coming decades, driven by the increasing adoption of electric vehicles. This work provides a valuable resource for researchers in selecting and deploying DC instrument transformers and offers strategic insights for new market entrants seeking to understand emerging trends and opportunities in the field