IoT-Enhanced Wireless Sensor Network for Precision Agriculture: Advancing Environmental Monitoring and Resource Optimization

Precision agriculture has advanced significantly as a result of the Internet of Things' (IoT) quick development, particularly in terms of resource management and environmental monitoring. In this paper, an IoT-Enhanced Wireless Sensor Network specifically designed for precision agriculture with an emphasis on Indian paddy cultivation is introduced. The system provides comprehensive environmental factor monitoring by utilizing a variety of sensors, such as NPK sensors, air quality, UV index, temperature, humidity, and soil moisture. Its ESP32 microcontroller and GSM module combination ensures dependable data transfer and remote access. Techniques for gathering and analyzing data are covered, as well as the system's design, implementation, and integration issues. Improved irrigation and resource management efficiency, as seen by early findings, may result in higher crop yields and more environmentally friendly practices. The use of IoT technology to agriculture is proving to be quite advantageous, and there are even ideas for improving and growing the system.