3D Distance-Color-Coded Assessment of PCI Stent Apposition via Deep-Learning-Based Three-Dimensional Multi-Object Segmentation

Coronary artery disease poses a significant global health challenge, often necessitating percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) with stent implantation. Assessing stent apposition is crucial for preventing and identifying PCI complications leading to in-stent restenosis. Here we propose a novel three-dimensional (3D) distancecolor-coded assessment (DccA) for PCI stent apposition via deep-learning-based 3D multi-object segmentation in intravascular optical coherence tomography (IV-OCT). Our proposed 3D DccA accurately segments 3D vessel lumens and stents in IV-OCT images, using a hybrid-dimensional spatial matching network and dual-layer training with style transfer. It quantifies and maps stent-lumen distances into a 3D color space, achieving a 3D visual assessment of PCI stent apposition. Achieving over 95% segmentation precision for both stent struts and the lumen and having 3D color visualization, our proposed 3D DccA improves the clinical evaluation of PCI stent deployment and facilitates personalized treatment planning.