Stories from China

Aluminum electrolytic capacitors (AEC), with their notable advantages of having a low cost and high capacitance, have widespread application in numerous fields such as power circuits, signal processing circuits, automotive electronics, and industrial control [1]–[4]. However, because of the low conductivity and poor temperature and humidity stability of traditional cathode materials, AEC face significant challenges in achieving breakthroughs in performance, such as high-frequency response (>30 kHz), high-temperature resistance (>150°C), and high-humidity tolerance (>90% relative humidity [RH]) [1]. These limitations severely restrict their potential applications in fields such as new energy vehicles, rail transportation, aerospace, and marine engineering (Figure 1).