Variations in physicochemical characteristics of bacterial cellulose produced by <i>Acetobacter aceti</i> MTCC 2623 under static culture conditions

Abstract Bacterial cellulose is a renewable biomacromolecule with significant environmental benefits over plant cellulose. It is secreted extracellularly by several bacterial species, including Gram-positive Sarcina ventriculi and Gram-negative bacteria such as Gluconacetobacter , Agrobacterium , and Acetobacter . Because of its remarkable physicochemical properties, BC has emerged as an excellent polymer with wide application domains in both industrial as well as biomedical fields. In our study, we investigated the potential of Acetobacter aceti MTCC 2623 for BC production under static conditions and evaluated the impact of incubation temperature, pH, and carbon sources on BC production. The maximum BC yield obtained was 4.18 ± 0.19 g L −1 by A . aceti under static conditions using 2 % w/v glucose as a carbon source, at 30 °C and pH 6.0. The BC samples produced were analyzed for physicochemical properties using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and differential scanning calorimetry, providing detailed insights into their structural composition and heat stability. X-ray diffraction indicates the crystallinity and amorphous regions. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy analysis revealed that all BC samples were crystalline and exhibited variations in crystallinity ratios compared to commercial cellulose.