Proprioceptive Exercises Combined With Strengthening Exercises Are Not Superior to Strengthening Exercises Alone for Shoulder Pain and Disability in Individuals With Chronic Rotator Cuff-Related Shoulder Pain: A Randomized Controlled Trial

<b>OBJECTIVE:</b> To compare the effect of combining proprioceptive exercises with strengthening exercises versus strengthening exercises alone, on shoulder pain and disability in individuals with chronic rotator cuff-related shoulder pain (RCRSP). <b>DESIGN:</b> Parallel group randomized controlled trial. <b>METHODS</b>: Seventy individuals with chronic RCRSP were randomly assigned to either the control group (n = 35; muscle strengthening exercises) or the experimental group (n = 35; muscle strengthening combined with proprioceptive exercises) for a 2-month program of supervised and home-based exercises. The primary outcome, the Shoulder Pain and Disability Index (SPADI), was assessed at baseline, 2 months, and 5 months, while the secondary outcomes (pain intensity, proprioception, isokinetic muscle strength, catastrophizing, kinesiophobia, and self-efficacy), were evaluated at baseline and 2 months. A linear mixed model was used for statistical analysis. <b>RESULTS:</b> There was no significant group-by-time interaction for the SPADI (<i>P</i> = .25). Significant time effects, but no between-group differences, were found for improvements in pain intensity, kinesiophobia, catastrophizing, self-efficacy, kinesthesia, and joint position sense, while a decline in lateral rotator peak torque was noted. <b>CONCLUSION:</b> Combining proprioceptive with shoulder strengthening exercises did not lead to additional improvements across all outcomes in individuals with chronic RCRSP. The lack of a nonintervention group limits the ability to determine whether the improvements in both groups were due to the exercise programs or to natural recovery. <i>J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 2025;55(7):495-511. Epub 16 June 2025. doi:10.2519/jospt.2025.13097</i>.