Development of public-private partnerships in the agriculture of Kyrgyzstan in the context of the experience of the Republic of Belarus

Public-private partnership (PPP) plays a key role in the development of agriculture by attracting investment, modernising infrastructure, and enhancing the agricultural sector’s efficiency. This article examined the prospects for developing PPPs in the agriculture of the Kyrgyz Republic, taking into account the experience of the Republic of Belarus. The regulatory framework governing the mechanisms of interaction between the state and the private sector in both countries was analysed, alongside a review of existing models of cooperation, including concessions, investment agreements, and cluster initiatives. Belarus possesses considerable experience in implementing state support programmes for agriculture, including subsidies, tax incentives, and the establishment of agro-industrial clusters and cooperatives. These measures have significantly improved the country’s level of food security and export potential. Meanwhile, Kyrgyzstan faces several challenges, such as a shortage of Winvestment, outdated infrastructure, and a low level of adoption of innovative technologies. The article proposed recommendations for adapting successful Belarusian practices to Kyrgyz conditions, including the improvement of legislative mechanisms, the creation of favourable conditions for investors, the development of agrotechnology parks, and the digitalisation of agriculture. The need to expand international cooperation and exchange of experience between the two countries was emphasised, to establish a sustainable PPP model that supports the growth of Kyrgyzstan’s agro-industrial sector. Particular attention was given to the creation and development of large state-owned agricultural enterprises on 25% of state land from the fund for the redistribution of irrigated arable land designated for agricultural use in the rural communities (ayyl aymagy). The establishment of such enterprises is intended to implement a balanced agricultural policy that promotes the support of rural areas, the development of agricultural infrastructure, and the creation of employment opportunities. This approach is expected to stimulate the local economy and contribute to ensuring the food security of the Kyrgyz Republic