Synergistic antimicrobial strategies: Efficacy of plant extracts and silver nanoparticles against bacterial pathogens in Penaeus monodon

This article explores the synergistic antimicrobial potential of plant extracts and silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) against bacterial pathogens in Penaeus monodon, focusing on eco-friendly alternatives to antibiotics. The indiscriminate use of antibiotics in aquaculture has led to multidrug-resistant bacterial strains, necessitating sustainable solutions. Plant extracts rich in bioactive compounds and AgNPs with potent antibacterial properties offer a promising approach. This article evaluates the mechanisms of action, synergistic effects, and practical applications of combined treatments. Challenges such as standardization, environmental concerns, and regulatory frameworks are discussed. Recent studies highlight the enhanced antibacterial efficacy of combined treatments, paving the way for sustainable aquaculture practices.