A bibliometric and systematic review of university–led sustainability projects worldwide: unveiling effective practices

Purpose This study aims to assess and highlight noteworthy examples of outstanding sustainability efforts led by universities worldwide, advocating for the sharing of effective sustainability practices across higher education institutions (HEIs), particularly in contexts where the understanding of sustainability concepts is still evolving, as reported in contemporary literature. Design/methodology/approach It uses bibliometric analysis and a systematic literature review to dissect trends and characteristics of effective practices in these initiatives, spanning from 2004 to 2023. Using the Dimensions research data platform and VOSviewer, it provides a detailed analysis, including citation frequency, publication volume, research categories and international collaboration networks. The analysis of the World University Sustainability Ranking of the Top 20, used in this article, is available online at www.topuniversities.com/sustainability-rankings Findings The results of this study highlight the growing prominence of sustainability in academia, evidenced by an increase in relevant publications, with significant contributions from leading authors in the USA, Spain, Japan and the UK. It finds that effective practices in university-led sustainability projects could prioritize university–community partnerships, interdisciplinary collaboration, stakeholder engagement, long-term vision, innovative technology use, resource efficiency and adaptability. Research limitations/implications This study evaluates the exemplary university-led projects outlined in the literature, acknowledging the likelihood of similar projects that may have evolved without being made available online. Practical implications This study proposes that it would be advantageous for universities to establish partnerships with local community stakeholders in the realms of sustainable agriculture and commerce, wherever feasible. Social implications The authors advocate for embracing the concept of a “University without Borders.” This phenomenon underscores the importance for HEIs to establish connections with organizations dedicated to Sustainable Development Goals, thereby fostering robust cross-institutional learning. Originality/value Previous studies have indirectly highlighted some of the attributes of effective sustainability projects in a fragmented manner. This study seeks to synthesize all possible attributes that define university-led sustainability projects.