Analysis and Study of Covalent Organic Frameworks in Electrochemical Sensors for Water Environment Pollutant Detection

Water is essential for life on Earth, but increased human activity has led to water pollution. The international community has been highly concerned about this issue, making it crucial to develop methods for detecting water pollutants. Recently, electrochemical sensors have emerged as effective tools for detecting environmental pollutants in water. Covalent organic frameworks (COFs), a quickly developing type of crystalline linked organic polymers, possess highly structured frameworks, significant specific surface areas, durable chemical properties, and customizable pore microenvironments, which confer great versatility. Notably, electrochemical sensors based on COFs have garnered significant attention due to their outstanding analytical performance. Herein, a comprehensive overview of the basic characteristics is provided and synthesis techniques of COFs in the field of electrochemical detection are widely used, emphasizing their role in the development of electrochemical biosensors and high response detection devices. The design principles, preparation methods, and detection mechanisms of COF‐based electrochemical sensors are also detailed. Recent scientific advancements have been examined, highlighting the application of COF as a functional material in electrochemical sensors for detecting various water pollutants, such as antibiotics, heavy metals, insecticides, bacteria, and fungi. Additionally, the challenges and future development prospects of COF‐based electrochemical detection technology have been outlined.