Tracing back from online learning during the pandemic: Digital literacy and online learning self-efficacy in today's Physical Education

The education system worldwide was shaken by the COVID-19 pandemic, forcing a shift to online learning that posed significant challenges for Physical Education (PE) classes. Many students lacked the technological skills to succeed in virtual environments, impacting their learning experiences. This study examines the relationship between Digital Literacy (DL) and Online Learning Self-Efficacy (OLSE) in PE classes, addressing the scarcity of studies focused on Filipino students’ DL and OLSE. A survey was conducted among 331 PE students from a selected higher education institution with at least six months of online learning experience. Findings revealed a strong positive correlation between DL and OLSE, highlighting the importance of digital competence in fostering confidence in online learning. As education continues integrating technology post-pandemic, these results provide valuable insights for PE instructors in designing strategies that enhance students’ digital adaptability and self-efficacy. By understanding students’ current DL and OLSE levels, educators can develop targeted approaches to support digital learning, ensuring students are well-prepared for the evolving educational landscape. This study serves as a foundation for future research and practical applications in digital learning within PE, particularly in the context of Filipino students.