One-Step Hydrothermal Synthesis and Characterization of Highly Dispersed Sb-Doped SnO2 Nanoparticles for Supercapacitor Applications

Highly dispersion antimony-doped tin oxide (ATO) nanoparticles were synthesized using a (220 °C, 2 L autoclave, medium scale) one-step hydrothermal method with Na2SnO3 and KSb(OH)6 as precursors without a post-sintering process. The particle size reduces to a few nanometers with the increase in Sb content. The resulting various Sb-doping content ATO nanoparticles were coated onto a Ti foil substrate as an electrode for further electrochemical evaluation. The findings demonstrate that the prepared 30% Sb-doped ATO nanoparticles serve as a high-conductivity electrode material with excellent reversibility, substantial specific capacitance, and superior capacitance retention. The 30% ATO electrode exhibits the highest specific capacitance of 343.2 F g−1 at a current density of 1 A g−1 and maintains 93% of its capacitance after the first 10 charge/discharge cycles. The results indicate that ATO materials prepared by the hydrothermal method are promising candidates for supercapacitor electrodes.