Complete Remission With Fourth-Line Immunotherapy After Chemotherapy Failure in a Lung Cancer Patient With Severe Autoimmune Disease: An Unexpected Turn in Oncologic Management

The indication for nivolumab in patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) who have progressed to first-line platinum-based systemic therapy was one of the first indications for immunotherapy approved by regulatory agencies. However, it is generally the case that patients with autoimmune diseases (AIDs) are excluded from studies due to the risk of immune exacerbations and a higher rate of immune-related adverse effects. This deprives these patients of the potential benefits they could obtain from immunotherapy, especially in those cases with favorable biomarkers of a good response. In this study, we present a clinical case of a patient with rapidly progressive multiple sclerosis (MS) of years of evolution, who obtained an impressive response to immunotherapy as a last therapeutic option, remaining cancer-free to date.