Geo-based visual network analysis of food fertilizer trade patterns among BIMSTEC member nations during 2005–2022

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to analyze food fertilizer products’ trade networks among Bay of Bengal Initiative for Multi-Sectoral Technical and Economic Cooperation (BIMSTEC) member nations during 2005–2022. Design/methodology/approach To explore the nature of revealed comparative advantage, intra-sectorial trade specialization and intra-industry trade, this paper used Balassa, Lafay and Grubel-Lloyd indexes. On the other hand, economic networks were used to investigate fertilizer trade centrality in global trade networks. Findings This paper concluded that Thailand and India have the most diversified fertilizer trade markets. In contrast, Nepal and Bhutan exhibited high import centrality toward a few source regions. Hence, significant scope exists to diversify fertilizer export and import markets within BIMSTEC member nations to avoid region-specific dependence on international trade. Originality/value This paper lies apart in its precise emphasis on linking national resource security issues with import-export policy formulation for food fertilizers, where earlier studies have not been examined. Dealing with this intersection allows the existing paper to offer a reenergized perspective on harmonizing resource sustainability with economic objectives. Hence, this fills a primary void in the existing literature by suggesting hands-on strategies and expanding current knowledge.