From Data to Diagnosis: AI’s Role in Transforming Neurodevelopmental Healthcare

Background:The prompt identification of NeuroDevelopmental Disorders (NDDs) including Autism Spectrum Disorder(ASD), Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD), and Learning Disabilities (LD) is essential for timely management and improved long-term results. Traditional screening and diagnosis methods are often time-consuming and resource-intensive, leading to delayed intervention. Thus, the present study explores the integration of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in early screening models to facilitate rapid, accurate, and personalized identification of NDDs in children. Objectives: The present study explores how AI-driven tools process behavioral, speech, neuroimaging, and genetic data to enhance diagnostic precision. The research further investigates AI-powered interventions, including adaptive learning systems, neurofeedback training, wearable sensors, and predictive modelling, for personalized therapy. Additionally, it addresses critical ethical concerns, such as data privacy, algorithmic bias, and the necessity of human oversight, ensuring responsible AI integration in NDD management. Methodology: This study follows a conceptual research design, relying on an extensive review of existing literature to analyse the role of AI in neurodevelopmental disorder (NDD) assessment and intervention.Databases such as PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, IEEE Xplore, MDPI and Google Scholar were used to ensure a comprehensive collection of research articles. Conclusions:By leveraging AI techniques such as Machine Learning (ML), Deep Learning (DL), and Natural Language Processing (NLP), AI-driven tools can analyse behavioural, speech, neuroimaging, and genetic data to enhance diagnostic precision. Despite its potential, AI-driven NDD assessment presents ethical challenges, including data privacy, algorithmic bias, and the need for human oversight in clinical decision-making. This study critically examines these challenges while discussing the transformative impact of AI in paediatric healthcare. By addressing ethical concerns and ensuring equitable access, AI can significantly improve early detection, intervention, and long-term support for individuals with NDDs.