Ecological-Economic Integration in Multi-species Fisheries: A Path toward Sustainable Marine Resource Management

Traditional fisheries management often focuses on single species, overlooking the complex ecological interactions within marine ecosystems. This approach can cause unintended harm to biodiversity and ecosystem health. To address these unsustainable practices, this paper presents a comprehensive literature-based interdisciplinary review that bridges ecological, economic, and social dimensions of fisheries management. Ecosystem-based fisheries management (EBFM) addresses these limitations by integrating ecological, economic, and social factors to sustain fisheries holistically. EBFM treats marine systems as dynamic, adaptive networks, emphasizing trophic relationships, habitat protection, and resilience. Challenges such as data gaps, ecological uncertainties, and conflicting stakeholder interests complicate multi-species management. Tools like ecological models and marine protected areas help navigate these complexities. Economically, bioeconomic models and valuation of ecosystem services enable better assessment of trade-offs between conservation and fishery yields, aligning incentives with sustainability. The global case studies offer valuable insights into resolving conflicts among fishers while promoting the sustainable conservation of fisheries resources. This paper highlights the benefits of incorporating ecological principles in fisheries management can improve the economic well-being of fishing communities. The integration of ecological and economic insights is critical to sustaining marine ecosystems and supporting fishing communities, ensuring long-term fishery resilience and productivity. This holistic approach paves the way for developing comprehensive resource use policies. Also, this offers a roadmap for future research aimed at ensuring the long-term resilience and productivity of fisheries worldwide.