CRYOGENIC HYDROGEN (LIQUID) PRODUCTION TECHNOLOGIES: ORTHO-PARA CONVERSION METHOD

Due to the environmental concerns and the global trend towards energy and resource efficiency, liquid hydrogen has become an increasingly important fuel. Therefore, its production and storage have become a priority area of study.As a matter of priority, we need to explore technologies for producing parahydrogen from the ortho form, as storing it in this form is not practical due to its rapid evaporation. To achieve this, we need to fulfill the following tasks: studying cryogenic hydrogen and the ortho and para forms of hydrogen, reviewing existing cryogenic production methods, exploring methods for producing para-hydrogen, and implementing them in real-world production.Cryogenic (liquid) hydrogen is created by cooling it to a critical temperature through complex technological processes. These include pre-cooling, primary ortho-para conversion, cryogenic cooling, and additional ortho-para conversion. Additionally, special catalysts are used to facilitate the ortho-para conversion process. The concepts of cryogenic liquefaction, such as the Brayton reverse process and the Claude hydrogen liquefaction cycle, along with various other technologies, are being considered. The active implementation of these technologies will undoubtedly lead to increased energy efficiency and lower production costs for the production of environmentally friendly fuel - liquid cryogenic parahydrogen.