Analysis of the effectiveness of moving bed biofilm reactor and anaerobic-aerobic methods in reducing pollutants in domestic wastewater at the Kebun Melati reservoir wastewater treatment plant, Central Jakarta

This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of two domestic wastewater treatment methods, namely the Anaerobic-Aerobic system and the moving bed biofilm reactor (MBBR), in reducing pollutant concentrations at the Kebun Melati Reservoir wastewater treatment plant (WWTP), Central Jakarta.The research design employed a field experiment approach, including wastewater sampling before and after treatment and laboratory analysis of water quality parameters such as BOD, COD, TSS, ammonia, phosphate, and oil and grease.The Anaerobic-Aerobic system uses Kaldness and wasp nest biofilm media, while the MBBR system uses Kaldness media only.The results showed that both methods were effective in reducing BOD (up to 95.08%), COD (95.22%),TSS (99.22%), and ammonia (99.38%).However, phosphate and oil-fat removal was relatively low (8.61-38.59%and up to 28%, respectively).Based on these results, scientifically proven recommendations are presented, including the integration of additional treatment units such as chemical precipitation or advanced filtration to enhance phosphate and oil-fat removal.These recommendations are supported by the data analysis and are discussed in detail in the main body of the study.The limitation of this study lies in the scope of analysis, which only includes physical and chemical parameters.The originality of this research lies in the real-scale comparison of two biological treatment systems at the same location, providing concrete insights into their performance and operational challenges in urban domestic wastewater management.