Implementation and Field Validation of a Digital Twin Methodology to Enhance Production and Service Systems in Waste Management

The sustainable management of organic waste is a global priority due to its environmental impact and the increasing pressure on urban and rural systems, particularly in regions with limited technological infrastructure. This study introduces and validates a comprehensive methodology based on Digital Twins (DTs) to optimize production and service systems in organic waste management. The methodology includes contextual and propositional phases and is built on a modular three-layer architecture (physical, cloud, and virtual) that enables real-time monitoring, simulation, and feedback. It was validated through a field implementation in a composting facility in Cajamarca, Colombia. The results showed a 10% increase in composting efficiency and a monthly gain of 1200 kg of compost. A statistical analysis confirmed a significant increase in process efficiency (p < 0.001) and a reduction in performance variability (p < 0.01). The return on investment reached 18,957.6% using low-cost technology. These findings demonstrate the viability and adaptability of the proposed methodology for low-tech environments and support its potential for scaling in circular economy applications across waste management and agriculture.