Effect of the bioregulators Epin-extra and Novosil on biochemical indicators of oat and barley grain quality

From 2021 to 2022, field experiments with oats and barley were conducted on sod-podzolic soil of average fertility. The experiments involved applying 60 kg/ha of ammonium nitrate, superphosphate, and potassium chloride before sowing the crops. The results showed that treating oat plants with the bioregulator Epin-Extra during the panicle formation phase reduced the synthesis of albumin and easily soluble globulins while increasing the concentration of glutelin proteins during grain maturation. The bioregulator increased the activity of α-amylases and β-amylases at pH 5.5 and 7, as well as of peroxidases at pH 8.0 and catalases at pH 5.5 in the developing grain. The aftereffect of Epin-Extra was observed in germinating oat grain, enhancing the activity of β-amylases at pH 8, as well as all peroxidases and catalases. When applied during the same phase of oat plant development, the bioregulator Novosil initiated the activation of α-amylase synthesis (active at pH 5.5) and β-amylase synthesis (active at pH 8) in ripening grain. It also activated peroxidase (active at pH 7) and catalase (active at pH 5.5) synthesis, as well as α- and β-amylase synthesis (active at pH 8), in grain of 7-day-old seedlings. Treating barley plants with Epin-Extra during the heading phase increased protein synthesis in ripening grain by 0.6-1.2%, as well as the synthesis of amylolytic and antioxidant enzymes. These enzymes include all α- and β-amylases, as well as peroxidases and catalases, which are active at pH 7 and 8. The activation of α-amylases and peroxidases (pH 5.5), some β-amylases (pH 8), and catalases (pH 7 and 8) was observed in germinating grain. The bioregulator Novosil markedly affected protein and enzyme synthesis in ripening barley grain. Under its influence, the activity of some α-amylases and catalases (pH 8), as well as peroxidases and β-amylases (pH 7 and 8), increased. The conducted experiments revealed a more significant impact of the Epin-extra bioregulator on the biochemical processes of ripening and germinating oat and barley grain.