Impact of Light Pollution on Moth Navigation

Moths are vital nocturnal pollinators whose navigational systems are finely tuned to natural light cues such as the moon and stars. However, the rapid proliferation of artificial light sources due to urbanization—commonly referred to as light pollution—has severely disrupted these natural behaviors. This research paper explores the detrimental impact of artificial light at night (ALAN) on moth navigation through both field experiments and a comprehensive literature review. Our findings reveal that artificial lighting, particularly in the blue and white light spectrum, causes significant disorientation in moth flight paths, reduces their ability to locate mates and forage for nectar, and ultimately hampers pollination processes. These disruptions not only threaten moth populations but also compromise the ecological networks dependent on their pollination services, including nocturnal flowering plants and species that rely on them for food. The study highlights species-specific vulnerabilities, the ecological consequences of decreased pollination, and proposes mitigation strategies such as the use of red-spectrum lighting and reduced night-time illumination. Overall, the paper emphasizes the urgent need for environmentally conscious lighting practices to preserve nocturnal biodiversity and maintain ecological balance.