Apuntes para una pedagogía al exterior: la interacción humana con el entorno como herramienta para el desarrollo del pensamiento crítico

A person’s environment is one of the elements that permeates the learning process; thus, this essay seeks to visualize that external stimulus in cognitive processes through a bibliographical review of sources under the criteria of criticality and rationality. To accomplish this, a precision of concepts that separate the surroundings from the notions of space, environment, and territory is made. Moreover, an approximation to the role of Bourdieu’s habitus in the development of learning is carried out so that this can then be linked to the opportunities offered by the surroundings, through exploration and experimentation, according to the theoretical and practical contributions of authors, such as Acuña and Roselli among others, who identify its relationship to critical thinking. In this reflection, learning is understood as both that which occurs through the formal structures of the “school” and that which takes place informally, in daily life and extra-academic contexts for the purpose of identifying the implications of the surroundings on the teaching and learning processes.