Innate Immunity and Parkinson's Disease

Parkinson's disease (PD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder characterized by the loss of both dopaminergic and non-dopaminergic neurons associated with the accumulation of α-synuclein aggregates and signs of neuroinflammation. This inflammatory aspect of PD neuropathology has led to the hypothesis that the immune system, both adaptive and innate, contributes to the neurodegenerative process. While the adaptive immune system is discussed in detail in another article in this collection, this review focuses on the innate immune system, which includes monocytes, macrophages, microglia, and dendritic cells. We will also discuss the increasingly recognized link between genetic and immune response and the cross talk between peripheral and central immune cells, and its contribution to the overall immune response in PD. Finally, we will propose therapeutic strategies aimed at modulating immunity for neuroprotective and disease-modifying benefits in PD and related disorders.