Simulation of Lead free Barium Calcium Zirconium Titanate with Lead Zirconate Titanate for energy harvesting application

Abstract This study investigates the performance of Barium Calcium Zirconium Titanate (BCZT) in comparison to other materials Lead Zirconium Titanate (PZT), focussing on the impact of various production methods, such as solid-state and sol-gel procedures. The presence of lead in PZT raises worries about its corrosive properties and potential long-term health consequences. Lead-free BCZT has the potential to replace PZT in energy harvesting applications. The study employs COMSOL Multiphysics to demonstrates the applicability of BCZT in for energy harvesting application. Changing Young’s modulus, relative permittivity, density, and Poisson’s Ratio allows the study to compare two BCZT fabrication methods which is sol-gel and solid state to find the optimum value and then compare it to PZT, focusing on voltage output and power dissipation. The results demonstrate that BCZT, particularly when prepared via the Sol-Gel process (BCZT-SG), has promising properties and outperforms PZT in simulated conditions. The findings reveal that BCZT has a greater voltage output and better power dissipation than PZT for energy harvesting applications. BCZT sol-gel had the highest electric potential, 0.94 percent greater than BCZT solid-state and 93.52% higher than PZT. Finally, BCZT materials are recommended as a replacement for PZT in energy harvesting applications.