CHILD SEXUAL EXPLOITATION AND ABUSE: CULTURAL, SOCIAL, AND INSTITUTIONAL FACTORS OF RISK IN ARMENIA

Child Sexual Exploitation and Abuse (CSEA) remains a critical yet underreported issue in Armenia due to deeply rooted cultural, social, and legal barriers to reveal potential risks. This study explores the challenges surrounding the disclosure of CSEA cases, examining the roles of victims, families, professionals, and legal institutions in addressing this form of violence. Using a multidisciplinary approach, the research highlights how stigma, fear of social repercussions, and distrust in authorities contribute to the silence surrounding CSEA. The paper also investigates the role of gatekeepers in facilitating or hindering disclosure and research efforts involving child victims. Furthermore, the study emphasizes the need for culturally sensitive methodologies that align with local traditions while maintaining scientific rigor and ethical integrity. Findings suggest that improving legal frameworks, strengthening victim support services, and fostering public awareness are essential steps toward breaking the silence and ensuring child protection in Armenia.