Dynamic management and control strategy for reusing bus lanes under intelligent connected and mixed traffic flows

<strong>[Purposes]</strong> To investigate the impact of bus lane reuse on the operational efficiency of mixed traffic flows under an intelligent connected environment, and propose control strategies to enhance overall traffic flow efficiency. <strong>[Methods]</strong> This study analyzed the mixed traffic flows composed of connected automated vehicles (connected and automated vehicles, CAV), human-driven vehicles (human-driven vehicles, HDV), and buses, focusing on headway distances under different car-following models. A mathematical model for vehicle spatial distribution was established. Key parameters such as the optimal number of bus lanes, their setup conditions, and the optimal allocation ratio of CAV traffic were proposed, aiming at maximizing the traffic flow rate. Case studies were conducted to compare traffic flow performance under different control strategies. <strong>[Results]</strong> When traffic demand is low, bus lanes are unnecessary across all CAV penetration rates. However, as traffic demand increases, the moderate allocation of bus lanes becomes more critical, though diminishing returns are observed. In particular, excessive bus lane allocation under certain conditions may lead to congestion, hindering the improvement of traffic flow efficiency. <strong>[Conclusions]</strong> The proposed control strategy for the joint utilization of CAVs and bus lanes improves the safety and stability of mixed traffic flows and provides valuable theoretical and practical guidance for further optimization in intelligent connected transportation.