A Study on Frame Rhythm Analysis of Character Motions in Anime Cels

Limited animation is a distinctive style of Japanese anime, characterized by its use of a minimal number of still cel images to depict character movements. In this style, a single cel image is held for two or three frames, reducing the frame rate to 8 to 12 frames per second compared to the standard 24 frames per second.Consequently, anime creators often employ a complex combination of one-, two-, and three-frame sequences to express character motion. In this study, we propose a method to analyze the variable frame rates in sequences of anime cel images.By taking inspiration from music score analysis, we interpret variable frame rates in anime as rhythmic patterns to categorize various patterns of frame rates observed in anime cels.