State-of-the-Art Review of Technologies for Electrolytic Hydrogen Production, Storage, and Re-electrification

This study reviews hydrogen electrolysis, storage, and fuel cell technologies, focusing on their working principles, characteristics, opportunities, and limitations. It explores alkaline, polymer electrolyte membrane, and solid oxide electrolysis and fuel cell systems, providing a comparative analysis of their performance and development status. The storage solutions include compression, underground storage, and liquid and chemical hydrogen storage. The development status and pros and cons of each storage technology are elaborated, and potential research directions are proposed to guide future developments towards hydrogen economy. The comprehensive review and assessment presented in this article aim to sensitize researchers, policymakers, and industry professionals on the current research and future directions to support sustainable hydrogen energy systems development.