Model-Based Analysis of Electrical Heater Implementation in Solid Oxide Fuel Cell Systems for Improved Heat-Up Performance

Solid Oxide Fuel Cells (SOFCs) represent a promising technology for clean and efficient energy generation. However, their prolonged start-up times due to high operating temperatures present a significant challenge. This study investigates the implementation of electrical heaters to address this issue and enhance the system’s start-up performance. Using a co-simulation platform that integrates a plant model and control algorithms, the impact of heater placement and heating power capacity on the heat-up process was analyzed. The findings reveal that placing an electrical heater downstream of the air heat exchanger reduces start-up times by 32.1% and provides a rapid heat-up process, enabling quicker electricity generation. These improvements enhance the potential of SOFC systems for applications in transportation and stationary power generation, where reliability and quick responsiveness are essential.