Humans program artificial delegates to accurately solve collective-risk dilemmas but lack precision

In an era increasingly influenced by autonomous machines, it is only a matter of time before strategic individual decisions that impact collective goods will also be made virtually through the use of artificial delegates. Through a series of behavioral experiments that combine delegation to autonomous agents and different choice architectures, we pinpoint what may get lost in translation when humans delegate to algorithms. We focus on the collective-risk dilemma, a game where participants must decide whether or not to contribute to a public good, where the latter must reach a target in order for them to keep their personal endowments. To test the effect of delegation beyond its functionality as a commitment device, participants are asked to play the game a second time, with the same group, where they are given the chance to reprogram their agents. As our main result we find that, when the action space is constrained, people who delegate contribute more to the public good, even if they have experienced more failure and inequality than people who do not delegate. However, they are not more successful. Failing to reach the target, after getting close to it, can be attributed to precision errors in the agent's algorithm that cannot be corrected amid the game. Thus, with the digitization and subsequent limitation of our interactions, artificial delegates appear to be a solution to help preserving public goods over many iterations of risky situations. But actual success can only be achieved if humans learn to adjust their agents' algorithms.

Authors

Institutions

Publication Details

Journal
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
Published
2025-06-16
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2319942121
Citations
1
Primary Topic
Experimental Behavioral Economics Studies
Type
article
Field-Weighted Citation Impact
2.37

Funders

Controls
|||
ALL TIME
JAN
FEB
MAR
APR
MAY
JUN
JUL
AUG
SEP
OCT
article

Humans program artificial delegates to accurately solve collective-risk dilemmas but lack precision

Pieter Simoens, Tom Lenaerts, Elias Fernández Domingos, Inês Terrucha et al.
1 citations
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
Experimental Behavioral Economics Studies
2.37
article

Humans program artificial delegates to accurately solve collective-risk dilemmas but lack precision

Pieter Simoens, Tom Lenaerts, Elias Fernández Domingos, Inês Terrucha, Rémi Suchon, Francisco C. Santos
article en
1 citations

Abstract

In an era increasingly influenced by autonomous machines, it is only a matter of time before strategic individual decisions that impact collective goods will also be made virtually through the use of artificial delegates. Through a series of behavioral experiments that combine delegation to autonomous agents and different choice architectures, we pinpoint what may get lost in translation when humans delegate to algorithms. We focus on the collective-risk dilemma, a game where participants must decide whether or not to contribute to a public good, where the latter must reach a target in order for them to keep their personal endowments. To test the effect of delegation beyond its functionality as a commitment device, participants are asked to play the game a second time, with the same group, where they are given the chance to reprogram their agents. As our main result we find that, when the action space is constrained, people who delegate contribute more to the public good, even if they have experienced more failure and inequality than people who do not delegate. However, they are not more successful. Failing to reach the target, after getting close to it, can be attributed to precision errors in the agent's algorithm that cannot be corrected amid the game. Thus, with the digitization and subsequent limitation of our interactions, artificial delegates appear to be a solution to help preserving public goods over many iterations of risky situations. But actual success can only be achieved if humans learn to adjust their agents' algorithms.

Proceedings of the National Academy of SciencesVol. 122(25)
Instituto de Engenharia de Sistemas e Computadores Investigação e Desenvolvimento (PT), Université Libre de Bruxelles (BE), Berkeley College (US), Vrije Universiteit Brussel (BE), University of Lisbon (PT), Université Catholique de Lille (FR), Ghent University (BE), Maison des Sciences sociales et des Humanités Ange Guépin (FR), Institute for Systems Engineering and Computers (PT), Département d'Informatique (FR), Artificial Intelligence in Medicine (Canada) (CA), Instituto Superior Técnico (PT), Nature Inspires Creativity Engineers Lab, University of California, Berkeley (US)
European Commission, Fonds De La Recherche Scientifique - FNRS, Vlaamse Overheid, Fonds Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek, Service Public de Wallonie, Vlaamse regering, Horizon 2020 Framework Programme, Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia
Reduced inequalities
Openalex Percentile: Top 11%
Experimental Behavioral Economics Studies
2.37
AI Navigator

Ask Laika to Summarize, Analyze, and Connect papers live on the map.

Summarize Papers & Methodologies

Extract key findings, datasets, and comparative methods across publications.

Benchmark Rankings & Visual Analytics

Rank top research institutions, authors, funders, topics, and journals by Field-Weighted Citation Impact (FWCI) and paper volume with instant charts.

Connect Distant Disciplines

Bridge topological clusters on the map to find hidden collaborative intersections.