Tides of Transformation: Blue Carbon and Equitable Coastal Development

Abstract The ocean is the world’s greatest carbon sink. Since the Industrial Revolution it has absorbed nearly half of the global excess atmospheric CO2. Recently there has been a focus on coastal ecosystems as carbon sequestration powerhouses, as they sequester up to five times more than terrestrial forests. The intrinsic value of these ecosystems goes far beyond their carbon sink role including biodiversity, coastal protection, social, cultural, and water filtration functions. Current conservation finance is inadequate to address the environmental degradation and climate impacts that threaten coastal and marine ecosystems. Blue carbon poses a significant opportunity to fill the conservation finance gap but not without substantial climate justice concerns. This study examines the implementation of blue carbon projects in Costa Rica, Seychelles, Kenya, and Puerto Rico through a climate justice lens that centers community benefits. Our analysis provides insights into the factors that contribute to successful blue carbon projects, identifies research gaps, and community benefit delivery approaches, emphasizing the need for local engagement.