Análisis jurídico de los factores determinantes del abandono de animales de compañía en Tulcán, Ecuador

The abandonment of companion animals represents a social and legal issue with serious implications for animal welfare, public health, and ecological balance. In Ecuador, despite the existence of animal protection regulations, there are persistent deficiencies in their enforcement and public awareness. This study aimed to analyze the determining factors of companion animal abandonment in the province of Carchi, specifically in the city of Tulcán. A quantitative, descriptive, and cross-sectional research design was employed, based on a structured survey applied to a representative sample of the local population. The survey, developed from a literature review and expert consultation, included ten closed-ended questions about knowledge, perceptions, and attitudes towards abandonment and current legislation. The results showed that a high percentage of respondents were unaware of animal protection regulations and applicable sanctions. Moreover, the majority considered that current sanctions are not severe enough to deter animal abuse and abandonment. Broad public support for stricter measures, such as increased fines and the implementation of prison sentences for severe cases, was identified. In conclusion, the findings highlight the need to strengthen legislation and its dissemination, as well as to implement educational campaigns that promote responsible pet ownership and respect for animals, in order to reduce the incidence of abandonment in the city of Tulcán.