Navigating ideals and interests: an analysis of European Union–Turkey ties and the role of European values

This article examines the relations between the European Union (EU) and Türkiye between 2016 and 2024. It argues that while the EU positions itself as a normative power, advocating for democracy, human rights, and the rule of law, its engagement with Türkiye reflects a dual approach, balancing geopolitical necessities with normative concerns. This study aims to answer the following question: to what extent does the EU’s communication with Türkiye since 2016 reflect a normative commitment to democracy and human rights, and to what extent is it shaped by strategic priorities, such as security, migration, and economic cooperation? This article systematically analyzes whether the EU’s engagement with Türkiye aligns with the normative power Europe framework or shows a more realist, interest-driven approach by conducting a qualitative content analysis of European Commission statements and speeches. By analyzing the EU’s official discourse, this article aims to contribute to the broader literature on the normative–strategic divide in EU foreign policy. Understanding the balance between norms and interests is important not only for EU–Türkiye relations but also for broader discussion on the EU’s global role as a normative actor and its commitments. This article aims to provide empirical evidence on how the EU navigates the tension between its values and ideals and its strategic concerns in its external relations. Additionally, the findings of this study will shed light on ongoing EU–Türkiye relations by understanding the evolving nature of the EU’s foreign policy priorities.