Assessment of in vitro and in vivo antioxidant activity of white button mushroom polyphenols extracted with ultrasound-assistance

White button mushrooms ( Agaricus bisporus ) contain polyphenols that give them their medicinal properties and aid in the prevention of a number of diseases. Ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) has emerged as a green extraction technique, offering higher extraction efficiency, shorter processing time and reduced solvent concentration. In complex process to determine the antioxidant activity of polyphenols in rat models, the effect of one process variable depends on the others, and the interactions between factors need to be taken into account. The Response surface methodology (RSM) was used to optimize UAE to have higher extraction of polyphenols from white mushroom button. The total phenolic content (TPC), total flavonoid content (TFC), 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), radical scavenging activity, and ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) assay in white button mushroom were determined by three extraction parameters, ethanol concentration (10-90%), extraction time (1-30 min), and extraction temperature (25-60°C), by applying central composite design (CCD). The antioxidant potential of polyphenols was assessed in female Sprague Dawley rats with DMBA-induced mammary carcinoma. The white button mushrooms showed significantly higher phenolic and flavonoid content with higher antioxidant activity. The maximum value of TFC (5.9 mg QE/g), TPC (17.73 mg GAE/g), FRAP (45.99 mg/mL) and DPPH (68.10 µg/mol) was found when the effects of 57 to 68% ethanol concentration, 11 minutes, and 40°C temperature were combined. The ethanol content, ethanol time, temperature, and extraction parameters all had a significant impact on in vitro and in vivo assessment. These polyphenols from mushrooms showed a remarkable capacity to function as antioxidants, repairing antioxidant enzymes and protecting the body from damage caused by free radicals, thereby slowing the progression of chronic diseases. Moreover, white button mushrooms have great potential as in vivo to reduce oxidative stress which leads to lower the lipid peroxidation and retard the DMBA-induced breast cancer.