Postnatal Antiretroviral Prophylaxis and Perinatal HIV Infection in Medicaid-Enrolled Infants

Trends in postnatal HIV prophylaxis in clinical practice closely paralleled evolving HHS recommendations. Although the perinatal HIV infection rate was low, more than half of HIV infections by 1 year of life occurred in infants who had not received postnatal HIV prophylaxis, suggesting missed maternal infections, most frequently among Black individuals. Heightened awareness is essential for identifying HIV infection as early in pregnancy as possible to enable timely treatment and prevention.